The Man Who Invented the Lobotomy – António Egas Moniz | Mental Health Documentary

António Egas Moniz was a Portuguese neurologist and psychiatrist who invented irreversible brain surgery for mental illness.
He was awarded the Nobel prize for this work in 1949. But was he a true pioneer to be celebrated or a self-serving narcissist concerned only with his own glory.
In this video, Professor Graeme Yorston, Forensic Neuropsychiatrist explores the life work of one of the most controversial figures in psychiatry, trying to decide if he was a hero or a villain.

References
Artico, M., Spoletini, M., Fumagalli, L., Biagioni, F., Ryskalin, L., Fornai, F., … and Taurone, S. (2017). Egas Moniz: 90 years (1927–2017) from cerebral angiography. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 11, 81.
Blomstedt, P. (2020). Cerebral Impaludation–An Ignoble Procedure between Two Nobel Prizes: Frontal Lobe Lesions before the Introduction of Leucotomy. Stereotactic Functional Neurosurgery, 98(3), 150-159.
Boettcher, L. B., and Menacho, S. T. (2017). The early argument for prefrontal leucotomy: the collision of frontal lobe theory psychosurgery at the 1935 International Neurological Congress in London. Neurosurgical Focus, 43(3), E4.
Gross, D., and Schäfer, G. (2011). Egas Moniz (1874–1955): the “invention” of modern psychosurgery: a historical ethical reanalysis under special consideration of Portuguese original sources. Neurosurgical Focus, 30(2), E8.
Igual, M. M. (2019). John F. Fulton (1899–1960): neurophysiologist, bibliophile, historian. His relationship with Spain. Neurosci History, 7(2), 62-76.
Michaleas, S. N., Tsoucalas, G., Tzavellas, E., Stranjalis, G., and Karamanou, M. (2021). Gottlieb Burckhardt (1836-1907): 19th-century pioneer of psychosurgery. Surgical Innovation, 28(3), 381-387.
Toledo, E. T. D., and Vimieiro, A. C. (2018). A Vida Sexual (The Sexual Life), by Egas Moniz: eugenics, psychoanalysis, the pathologization of the female sexed body. História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos, 25, 69-86.

Copyright Disclaimer
The primary purpose of this video is educational. I have tried to use material in the public domain or with Creative Commons Non-attribution licences wherever possible. Where attribution is required, I have listed this below. I believe that any copyright material used falls under the remit of Fair Use, but if any content owners would like to dispute this, I will not hesitate to immediately remove that content. It is not my intention to infringe on content ownership in any way. If you happen to find your art or images in the video, please let me know I will be glad to credit you.

Images
Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons
Wellcome Foundation
British Library
Bibliothèque Nationale de France

Video produced by Graeme Yorston and Ewelina de Leon.

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