Common wisdom about societal development holds that normally, monumental and defensive architecture are features of complex civilizations, usually based around agriculture. Recently however this picture is starting to change. The discovery in 1987 of the Amnya Complex in Siberia has revealed a fortified settlement apparently constructed during the Stone Age by hunter-gatherers.
Reevaluated in the early 2000s, the site of Amnya is dated to about 6100 BC, with full habitation dating to about 6000-5900 BC. It was later abandoned and reoccupied at some point during the fourth millennium BC. Amnya, more properly known as Amnya I, is one of at least eight sites in Western Siberia dating to the Stone Age, and serves as evidence that complex structures and probably a complex society was developed by hunter-gatherers in the area, well before agriculture was introduced to the area
SOURCES:
The World’s Oldest Known Promontory Fort: Amnya and the acceleration of hunter-gatherer diversity in Siberia 8000 years ago, Piezonka et al
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